Private

It should not come as a surprise that war has erupted between the Balkan states and Turkey. The real astonishment lies in the fact that this conflict did not arise many years earlier. Even the most fervent proponents of peace acknowledge that war becomes inevitable when systematic injustice and tyranny persist over prolonged periods.

However, resorting to war is always a precarious choice. At this moment, it remains uncertain whether the actions taken by the Balkan states will improve or worsen their situation. History narrates a poignant tale in such matters Mutual Defense Agreement Between Bulgaria and Greece. In clashes of brute force, the stronger party, all factors considered, tends to prevail. The Turkish army, recognized as a formidable fighting force, poses a significant challenge to the smaller allied states attempting to confront it.

Even if the Balkan states emerge victorious, the use of wa

Article 4

If either of the two governments involved in this agreement declares war on a state other than Turkey without prior understanding and consent from the other government, the latter is released from its obligations outlined in Article 1. However, it remains obligated to maintain a friendly neutral stance towards its ally for the duration of the war.

Article 5

During a joint war, neither of the allied states can enter into an armistice lasting more than twenty-four hours without prior understanding and consent from the other allied state. A written agreement between the contracting parties is also necessary before either of them engages in peace negotiations or concludes a peace treaty.

Article 6

If, after mobilizing their armed forces or taking the field, Greece is compelled to address the Cretan question due to the wishes of the island’s inhabitants and is subsequently attacked by Turkey, Bulgaria commits to providing assistanc

Article 2

In the event of Turkey attacking Greece, Bulgaria commits to declaring war on Turkey and mobilizing its forces, totaling a minimum of three hundred thousand men as outlined in the previous article. Bulgaria will coordinate its military actions with the plans devised by the Bulgarian General Staff.

Similarly, if Turkey attacks Bulgaria, Greece pledges to declare war on Turkey and deploy its forces, totaling a minimum of one hundred and twenty thousand men as specified in the earlier article. Greece will align its military operations with the plans of the Greek General Staff. The primary objective of the Greek fleet, in these scenarios Birdwatching Bulgaria, is to control the Aegean Sea and disrupt communication between Asia Minor and Turkey in Europe.

In the outlined situations, Bulgaria commits to launching an offensive with a substantial part of its army ag

Adana’s Aspirations Through the Voices of Its People

Chairman of GUKTOB (Union of Tourism Hotels in Cukurova) and Owner of Zaimoglu Hotel Shares Insights

Adana’s dedicated residents, striving to propel the city into a tourist destination Adana’s Rich Heritage and Tourism Potential Unveiled, express their thoughts:

Tourism Potential and Infrastructure

“When we assess Adana’s current potential, we find a well-established tourism infrastructure, historical landmarks, and accommodations ranging from five-star hotels to boardinghouses. The only missing element is the sea. While we have the sea, the lack of facilities hinders its utilization. Presently, private sector efforts drive our promotions, but this alone falls short. External factors, such as the Gulf Crisis and misconceptions fueled by foreign media coverage of Incirlik Air Base, have adversely affecte

Adana’s Rich Heritage and Tourism Potential Unveiled

Adana’s Mythical Origins and Historical Significance

According to mythology, Adana traces its roots to the wars between “Adanus” and “Sarus,” the sons of the god of skies, battling the people of Tarsus. The region was named “Adania” after Adanus. The fertility bestowed by the Taurus Mountains’ rivers—Seyhan, Ceyhan, and Berdan—has made the Cukurova Region (Cilicia) significant for millennia. Despite facing challenges from migrations, Adana remains a prominent city Exploration of Bergama’s Rich Heritage, often recognized as the fourth largest in Turkey.

A Modern Revitalization Effort

In recent years, Adana faced a loss of contemporary appeal due to significant migrations, particularly from Southwest Anatolia. However, determined efforts by local administrations, social organizations

TURSAB and TERSAV’s Exploration of Bergama’s Rich Heritage

A significant delegation, including the President of the Turkey Travel Agencies Association (TORSAB) Basaran Ulusoy, TURSAB president advisors Prof. Dr. Refik Duru, and Architect Nur Qapa, along with TURSAB professionals, took part in the 68th-anniversary celebration of the Bergama Kermess. The group engaged in various activities, including the opening of the 1st Bergama Industry and Trade Fair, organized by the Bergama Chamber of Commerce (BTO). Additionally, they conducted an investigative journey to Bergama Acropolis, Kizil Avlu, and the ancient city of Allionai near Bergama Adana’s Aspirations.

Exploring Bergama’s Hidden Treasures: A Promising Journey

During a two-day exploration, the delegation participated in the opening ceremony of the trade fair and ventured into the historical sites of Bergama. The group emphasized the tourism potent

17th Century Marvels

In the 17th century, calligraphy reached its zenith, not only elevating Ottoman art but also permeating beyond palace confines to cultivate aesthetic tastes among the people. Ahmed Karahisari and his disciple Hasan Qelebi, who followed the Yakut School in the 18th century, left an indelible mark on calligraphy. Revered as “Karahisari, the victory of calligraphy,” their magnificent works surpassed all styles.

Sultans Embrace Calligraphy 19th Century Renaissance

Even in the 19th century, calligraphy retained its significance within the Ottoman Empire, drawing interest from Sultans themselves. Notably, Sultan Mahmut II Read More about Calligraphy The Dance of Pen and Ink, mentored by Mustafa Rasim Efendi, produced masterpieces for the Chief of Religious Officials building in Topkapi Palace, earning him the title “the Sultan of Calligraphers.”

Turkish Artist

Calligraphy The Dance of Pen and Ink

In a historical encounter, Sheikh Hamdullah meets Beyazid II, then the governor of Amasya, and is tasked with creating an original inscription for the Ottomans. Vanishing for forty days, Sheikh Hamdullah returns with the art of calligraphy, a dance of solid and ink.

Letters, emerging from a poet’s pen, transform into expressions of longing or love, edicts, or even reflections on death. These inscriptions traverse through centuries, conjuring memories and stories that endure.

Flowing from the calligrapher’s heart onto the awaiting pages, calligraphy transforms into a form of art. In the early Islamic periods, Arabic letters evolved from a primitive alphabet called “magili” to the “kufi” style originating from the city of Kufe. Kufi, initially used for Korans and hadiths, later became a decorative art form in Seljuk architecture.

The Yakut School

Yakut, a Turkish calligraphe

City of Inns and Markets

Sanliurfa holds the distinction of being the Turkish city with the highest number of inns and covered markets, known for its picturesque houses resembling small palaces. Boasting 309 registered houses, the city’s charm is set to receive a tourism boost with the opening of the international airport and strengthened relations with neighboring Syria.

The Tale of Prophet Abraham and the Sacred Fish Pool (Balikli Gol)

The narrative unfolds with the cruel King Nimrod Read More about The Golden Age of Calligraphy, driven by fear of a prophecy that foretells his demise at the hands of a child born that year. Ordering the execution of all newborns, Sara Hatun escapes, giving birth to Abraham in a cave. Abandoned and suckled by a female gazelle, Abraham is discovered by soldiers. Nimrod, lacking an heir, adopts the child. As Abraham grows, he questions the oppressive rule and challenges the w

Journey to Discovery A Warm Welcome

After enjoying the hospitality of the province, we embarked on an adventure to explore the Underground City. The tale of turning an ideal into reality unfolded before us. As we entered the Dulkadirli Underground City, known by locals as “bezirhane” (linseed oil mill), den, cave, or caravansary, we were met with boundless enthusiasm from those who played a pivotal role in revealing this hidden world. The cave’s breathtaking view gradually emerged, showcasing the dedication of municipal workers participating in their first archaeological excavation Read More about Dulkadirli Underground City, driven by a shared vision to shape the future of their province.

From Coop to Reality Mayor Dulkadirlioglu’s Vision

Mayor Selcuk Dulkadirlioglu passionately narrates the story that once earned him the label “foolish.” “When I was a child, we played gam